Premergency First Aid, CPR and AED Manual

7 Bleeding, Wound Care and Trauma

First aid for thermal burns is the same as any burn.

Increased exposure time to the source of the burning results in increased damage to the patient. The larger the burn the greater the risk of hyperthermia (high body temperature) or hypothermia, (low body temperature) infection and shock. All large surface burns should have a dry dressing applied to maintain body temperature, prevent infection, and provide comfort. Inhalation burns Inhalation injury can occur anytime burning takes place. Superheated air or gases can irritate and burn the airway and lungs causing coughing, wheezing, and rapid swelling of tissue that obstructs the airway. Signs and symptoms from an inhalation injury may develop immediately or over time and may manifest slowly or very rapidly. Suspect inhalation injury with all burn patients. Monitor the patient closely and be prepared to provide CPR if breathing becomes ineffective or ceases (See Chapter 3, Airway and Breathing).

First aid for thermal burns • Stop or remove the source of burning • Cool the burned area with cool water for at least 20 minutes • Remove all jewelry • Suspect inhalation injury until ruled out • Apply a sterile, dry dressing to cover the burn • Seek immediate medical help for all moderate and severe burns

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