Premergency First Aid, CPR and AED Manual

1 Introduction to First Aid

Types of Stress Acute and Chronic stress can both affect the first aider. These two types of stress differ in duration. The effects of each are different and dependent on a person’s mental and physical makeup. Acute Stress is defined by short term physiological changes. This type of stress may be felt during an emergency. The first aider can feel nervous and excited. Their ability to focus becomes better, helping them to manage an emergency situation. But if the stress of the situation becomes too much, then the first aider risks becoming caught up in their own emotional and physical reactions.

Physiological Effects of Stress

• Increased breathing

(respirations) and heart rate (pulse) • Increased blood sugar • Movement of blood away from the skinsurface (cool, clammy skin) • Tense muscles • Sweating • Decreased blood flow to the stomach (cramps) • Increased blood pressure • Dilated pupils • Dry mouth, thirst

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