Premergency First Aid, CPR and AED Manual

9 Other Emergencies

Mental Health Emergencies A mental health emergency/crisis can be either a temporary reaction or it may be a chronic condition. Anyone can experience a psychological emergency and it may be the result of the emergency scene, stress, mental illness, mind altering drugs, poison, or many other things. Some of the psychological effects of stress and providing emergency first aid are discussed in Introduction to First Aid (Chapter 1). This highlights the need for you to remember that anyone may experience some form of psychological emergency including yourself, it does not necessarily mean they are mentally ill. Hysteria or anxiety (panic) attacks may occur in a person that feels overwhelmed by an event or situation. Minor behavioural issues can be caused by stress but more significant issues are typically associated with drug or alcohol use and mental illness.

Only a small percentage of people with a mental illness are dangerous but like all first aid encounters you must remain aware of safety. Remember that although you may not know the reason for the behaviour, the patient is most likely feeling confused, overwhelmed, upset, and stressed. Before entering the scene, assess the behaviour of the patient. Is the patient behaving in a manner that matches the scene? For example, a person crying or experiencing mild hysteria at the injury or death of a loved one can be expected. Also be aware of potential legal issues including crime scenes or patient consent. Be aware that a victim of violence or sexual assault may quite naturally show distrust and fear towards others, including yourself. Utilize available resources such as the patient’s family members and friends, a female bystander, EMS or police services. Follow the general guidelines below when dealing with a behavioural emergency to ensure safety.

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